Ash-tree of Fraxinus Excelsior, h of cm 100-120
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Technical characteristics
- BrandТОО POLESIE (ПОЛЕСЬЕ)
- Country of manufactureKazakhstan
- SpeciesFraxinus Excelsior
Description
Ash-tree of Fraxinus Excelsior, h of cm 100-120
Other names | European Ash, Common Ash. |
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Family / Sort | Olive family / Ash-tree. |
Homeland | Europe, Crimea, Caucasus, Asia Minor.
The paleontologic remains of ash-tree were found where now it does not grow: on Northern and Central Ural Mountains, in Kazakhstan, Yakutia, Cis-Baikal, on Kamchatka. |
Distribution, place of growth | It is widespread on all Western Europe, in the Mediterranean and Asia Minor. In Russia - to the South and the West from Volga, in the Caucasus. Grows odinochno or groups in mixed forests, it is frequent together with oak and other deciduous breeds, is more rare with coniferous. Sometimes forms the pure ashen woods. Grows on valleys of the rivers, on coast of lakes and streams. Lodges on edges, around glades or in the light, rarefied plantings more often. |
Height/width (m) | 25-45 / 20-30 (sometimes 35). |
Life expectancy (years) | To 300 and more. |
Trunk, bark | The trunk is equal, direct, with a diameter up to 1-1,5 m. Trunk bark originally ash-gray, almost smooth, later with deep longitudinal and small cracks. Draws are naked, greenish-gray. Branches are direct, flexible, ascending up. |
Flowers | Small, with purple-red boots and green pestles, without perianth, are collected in panicled inflorescences up to 10 cm long. Are pollinated by wind, sometimes insects. Blossoming in April-May (to foliage expansion). |
Leaves | Odd-pinnate, opposite, pedunculate, large, up to 40 cm long, consist from 11-15 (more often from 7-9) the elongated and ovoid pointed leaflets 5-12 cm long and 1,5-4,5 cm wide, with saw-toothed edge, from above bright green, from below green, trimmed on veins. Are dismissed late spring. Color in the fall: sometimes yellow, at early frosts often fall down green. |
Fruits | Oblong linear ashkeys, up to 4 cm long and 0,8 cm wide, with dredging on top, are brought together in trailing whisks. Seeds are elongated and oval. Ripen in September-October. Remain on tree all winter. Fructification since 15-20. Heavy yields repeat in 2-3 years. |
Root system | At deficit of moisture and the deep ground water occurrence the tap vertical root with mass of the lateral roots located horizontally is well developed. If ground waters are superficial, the ash-tree develops superficial (anchor) root system with set of vertical shoots, at the same time the main root is not defined. |
The preferred soils, requirements to moisture | It is exacting to soils. Prefers fertile, dark gray loams and podzolized chernozems. Loves wet soils, neutral or close to them. Transfers air drought well. Does not transfer dryness of the soil, salinization and soil compaction. Does not transfer remoistening. |
Svetolyubivost | It is photophilous. At young age maintains some shading. |
Frost resistance | Frost-resistant (to -40 °C), but can suffer from late spring frosts. |
Growth rate | Grows quickly, especially during from 20 to 40 years. Annual gain in height of 30-45 cm, in width of 20-30 cm. |
Reproduction | Seeds and young growth. Seeds keep viability 2-3 years, are characterized by the long germination period therefore it is better to sow them in the second half of August (without waiting for full maturing). Monoecious. |
Allelopatiya | The ash-tree is among trees with the most expressed allelopatichesky activity, such that cannot form permanent one-specific plantings (since opad leaves at digestion causes so-called soil sickness). Near ash-tree the oak (according to other data, the ash-tree forms the woods with oak) badly grows, it is good - larch. According to some information it is not compatible to pine and fir-tree. Suppresses growth of wood and shrubby plants. |
Symbiosis | |
Other properties | Moisture absorption and water absorption at wood of ash-tree are significantly lower, than at coniferous because of the bigger density of wood. However, high density leads also to bigger drying and swelling. The ash-tree belongs to breeds with strong drying. |
The use in food | The plant is considered poisonous: if to accept high dose of infusion of leaves or bark of ash-tree, the person can get poisoned. But, despite it, in the Caucasus crude fruits of ash-tree pickle and apply as hot spice instead of capers. |
Notes | Fresh bark of ash-tree is applied at cuts to fast tightening of wound (put to wound the juicy party), for this purpose bark should be removed from not really young and not really old branch. Fruits - favourite forage for bullfinches, mice and horse wish to regale on them. Leaves are eaten by goats. Ash-tree wood very firm, strong, but first of all flexible also does not change the form given it. In Russia did the fine ware decorated with intricate carved patterns of ash-tree. |
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Ash-tree of Fraxinus Excelsior, h of cm 100-120