Investigation soil, groundwater
The artesian well is the well which receives water from water-bearing limestone. Not any limestone will be water-bearing. Limestones there are several versions, differing on density and availability of cavities. Limestone in which deep-well water will have to have porous structure with different cavities and cavities in which water moves.
Drilling of the artesian well is quite costly business as the depth of water-bearing limestone quite big - from 30 to 200 meters, depending on the district.
The artesian well is distinguished by the big output, durability.
On the ogolovka of the well the caisson - the tight metal tank, by depth 2,5m is established. In the caisson the pump, the hydroaccumulator is installed, besides from the caisson there is underground the pipe to the house.
The well is the most ancient option of water supply. The well is tsilindricheskyu the hole which is dug out to the water-bearing layer. Walls of the well fasten by means of well rings, or other materials. The classical scheme of digging of the well - digs the hole, in it the first ring is established, on it the second ring is put, then from within the well soil therefore rings begin to sink and fall in the earth begins to be dug out. The earth in this case acts as the guide.
It makes sense to do wells in that soil on which the poluchitsyaabissinsky well cannot. Wells usually turn out on all soil. At the same time water does not contain iron, unlike the artesian well.
Sandy wells.
It when water undertakes from the water-bearing horizon in sand. Depth of such wells - from 10 to 35 m. Water in them, of course, is better well - rather soft and, as a rule, does not contain iron. Besides sometimes it can be drunk, having filtered from the sand suspension. Only previously make the analysis - at water there can be organic compounds. Besides, the bottom of such well is as if lowered in the water bag (lens). Waters is time a little there. Over time, especially if to use the well not constantly, the bag is filled in. These are two. The filter is hammered with sand. And all. The well is not subject to repair. Generally such wells drill as the temporary source of water supply (for example, for needs of construction or on the first few years of accommodation). How many it will serve, you will not be told by nobody: maybe years not to live, and can fairly serve years 20.
The risk decreases if somewhere nearby there is already similar which works long enough. It is useful to have such well on the site if there are problems with power supply. Besides on superficial (to 20 m) the well can be delivered the manual pump.
Artesian well.
She uses water of one of the calcareous water-bearing horizons, most often - the first. Depending on the district it can lie at the different depth: for example, in the south of the Moscow region - about 40 m, in the southwest - to 60 m, in the southeast - to 80 m. In the north, the northwest and the northeast the water-bearing horizon passes even more deeply - at least 100 m. All this approximate data.
At the artesian well there are a lot of benefits. The amount of water is unlimited here. Therefore it is possible to do system of watering of any complexity and intensity: pools, fountains, the word - everything that you want. For the house of full-time residence it is in general only acceptable option. Besides, the well does not demand service, is not filled in and does not dry. Usually "Gidrokomplekt-M" gives the guarantee for 3-5 years, but if during this term everything is normal, it will regularly serve years 40-50. And at last, water in it, as a rule, net. Examples when two artesian wells located at distance of 10-15 km from each other differ strikingly are known: from one almost ideal water arrives, and from another - rusts in the eyes after rise on the surface. Adjust yourself on need of chemical cleaning even of deep-well water. Then, if it is crystal-clear it will be for you the pleasant surprise.
Now about technology. In the beginning to you on the site there come specialists of firm and choose the place for the well. In this case there is no need to define where there is water as it is everywhere. The only thing that is required, - sidings not already three meters and the platform for drilling of 4х6 m in size. Then on the site there comes the car with the drilling rig and begins drilling. Having passed upper sandy-argillaceous layers, the car reaches monolithic limy breeds under which desired moisture hides.
On limestone lower rather wide upsetting column from steel or galvanized pipes which will not allow edges of the well to be showered. Further drilling on water is continued by smaller diameter, constantly deleting the earth with washing and if it is required, lower the column of smaller diameter. After the end of drilling washing and pumping of the well to clear water is made. Such technology is called one-pipe. Also the two-pipe design of the well is applied - in the upsetting metal column the plastic pipe falls. Benefit of this technology - exclusive durability. Besides, water, being in the plastic column, does not adjoin to the metal obsadka.